Jakarta — Gold remains the most traded commodity worldwide, and in 2025, ten nations account for more than 60% of global mine supply. According to the World Gold Council, China continues to dominate with 380.2 tons annually, followed by Russia and Australia. Indonesia, with 140.1 tons, secures its place among the top eight producers, underscoring its strategic role in the global mining industry.
China’s leadership is driven by state‑owned giants such as China National Gold Group and Shandong Gold, with Shandong, Henan, and Jiangxi provinces serving as production hubs. Russia, with vast reserves in Siberia and the Far East, leverages gold as a cornerstone of its foreign exchange reserves. Australia, meanwhile, combines large‑scale open‑pit mines in Kalgoorlie and Boddington with world‑class refining capacity, making it a key exporter to Asia.
Canada and the United States remain significant players, with Canada’s Quebec and Yukon regions supporting 202.1 tons of output, while Nevada alone contributes 75% of America’s 158 tons. Ghana leads Africa with 140.6 tons, where gold accounts for 40% of export revenues, reflecting the mineral’s centrality to national economies.
Mexico, Peru, and Uzbekistan round out the list. Mexico’s Sonora and Zacatecas regions sustain its 140.3‑ton output, while Peru faces challenges from illegal mining and environmental concerns despite producing 136.9 tons. Uzbekistan’s Muruntau mine, one of the largest open‑pit operations globally, anchors its 129.1‑ton contribution.
For Indonesia, Grasberg in Papua remains a flagship operation, ranking among the largest gold mines worldwide. The government’s push for downstream processing and restructuring of ownership reflects a broader vision: transforming raw resource extraction into national value creation. This policy direction positions Indonesia not only as a producer but as a strategic player in shaping the future of the global gold market.
